Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science

Effectiveness of Combined Shallot Skin Compost and NPK Fertilizer on Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens) Plants in Ultisol Soil

Teddy Aryanto Simbolon, Enny Mutryarny, Indra Purnama — Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The cultivation of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is important due to its widespread use in the food and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in everyday cooking. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining shallot skin compost and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of cayenne pepper plants grown in Ultisol soil. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in a factorial arrangement, with two factors: shallot skin compost (0, 200, 400 g per polybag) and NPK fertilizer (0, 13, 25 g per polybag), each replicated three times. The observed parameters included plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, fruit count, and fruit weight. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. Results indicated that the application of 200 g of shallot skin compost and 25 g of NPK fertilizer per polybag significantly improved plant height, stem diameter, and overall fruit production. Furthermore, a significant interaction between shallot skin compost and NPK fertilizer was observed, particularly in terms of fruit yield and weight. This study suggests that combining organic and inorganic fertilizers can enhance the productivity of cayenne pepper plants in Ultisol soil, offering a sustainable approach to increasing crop yield. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of these treatments on soil health and plant growth.

Simulasi Reaktor Elektrokoagulasi Plate Column Berpengaduk Secara Kontinu Berbasis CFD Pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit

Tika Amelisa, Idral Amri, Sunarno Sunarno — Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Palm oil mill effluent continues to increases in line with the increase in palm oil production in Indonesia. Therefore, another alternative technology is needed such as the continuous stirred plate column electrocoagulation. Many laboratory scale studies have been carried out. CFD simulation is used as an advanced technology in treating palm oil mill effluent. The objective for this study is to Obtain optimum equipment design conditions for an electrocoagulation reactor using CFD, see the phenomena that occur due to the influence of flow rate variables and electrode distance, and see the trajectory of the solution profile in the reactor. This study was done based on Software Ansys Fluent Version 16.2 64 program with the k-ɛ standard turbulence model. After doing pre-processing, solving and post-processing steps in simulation, then the result of this simulation is analyze. The simulation results obtained were optimal conditions at a flow rate of 0.4 L/min and a plate distance of 2 cm with consecutive residence time values of 2.77; 4.0; and 3.88 hours. In the variation in the influence of flow rate, it can be seen that the phenomenon that the faster the flow rate, the greater the turbulence. In the variation of electrode distance, it can be seen that the phenomenon of electrode distance affects the level of turbulence in the reactor, too far a distance can cause the flow to be too slow. The latter is that the CFD model can accurately predict the trajectory of the solution profile in the stirred plate column electrocoagulation reactor.

Evaluasi Performa Heat Exchanger Menggunakan Software Aspen HYSYS di Central Gathering Station "X" Plant Operations "Y" Pertamina Hulu Rokan

Sri Helianty, Alif Luthfi, Deni Wijaya — Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Rokan Block is one of Indonesia's largest oil producers. It is managed by PT Pertamina Hulu Rokan (PHR) and contributes 25% to Indonesia's total oil production. The Central Gathering Station (CGS) “X” at PT PHR utilizes shell and tube heat exchangers (HEX) to effectively heat produced fluids, thereby enhancing the separation of crude oil. Despite their utility, several challenges—such as uneven fluid distribution, fouling, and tube plugging—have compromised the performance of heat exchangers (HEX). These issues can result in some units failing to reach the desired temperature. This study assessed the performance of HEX at CGS X using Aspen HYSYS and Aspen Exchanger Design and Rating (EDR) software, concentrating on key parameters including the heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and fluid velocity. The analysis revealed that low fluid velocity within the shell increased the risk of fouling, and a fouling resistance exceeding 0.03 ℉·hr·ft²/Btu significantly diminished efficiency. To address this, a redesigned heat exchanger (HEX) was proposed to optimize fluid velocity, achieving a rate of 1.15 ft/s. This adjustment reduced fouling and enhanced heat transfer while maintaining economic feasibility by decreasing the required heat transfer area. Operational recommendations based on the performance evaluation included making appropriate fluid distribution adjustments and conducting timely maintenance to ensure reliable operation

Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Sintesis Kristal Hidroksiapatit (HAp) terhadap Diameter Kristal yang Disintesis dari Precipitated Calciul Carbonate (PCC) Kulit Telur Ayam Secara Hidrotermal

Harfiah Faradila, Yelmida Yelmida, Ahmad Fadli — Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In Indonesia, the incidence of bone fractures in 2018 was approximately nine million, with various types of fractures and causes. Hydroxyapatite, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂ or HAp, is one of the bioceramics commonly used in biomedical applications due to its composition, it has biocompatible and osteoconductive properties and integrates well with bone. The aim of this research is to determine the time required to produce hydroxyapatite (HAp) diameter through the growth of HAp crystals from chicken egg shells. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of reaction temperature (120 and 140°C) and hydrothermal reaction time (1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 hours) on the crystal growth of apatite compounds from Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) of chicken eggshells. Technically, PCC has advantages such as small particle size (microscale) and homogeneity. HAp is made from PCC and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH₄)₂HPO₄ as a phosphate source in the hydrothermal vessel.The HAp produced is characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The HAp crystals obtained are hexagonal in shape with significant precision in the crystalline details of Holly Springs Hydroxyapatite. The good condition process to produced highest crystal diameter of HAp was achieved at a temperature of 140°C, measuring 33.29 nm, with a reaction time of 9 hours. Thus, the higher the reaction temperature and the longer the synthesis time, the larger the HAp crystal diameter

Kajian Efisiensi Penyisihan BOD pada Start-Up Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob Menggunakan Substrat Limbah Cair Pabrik Sagu

K.H Sri Handayani, Adrianto Ahmad, Bahruddin — Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Meranti Islands Regency is renowned as one of the largest sago flour producers in Indonesia, with a total production of 202,186 tons of sago per year and wastewater production reaching 40,000 liters. The microorganism Enterobacter aerogenes is a facultative anaerobic hydrogen-producing bacterium through dark fermentation of sago liquid waste. This study aims to determine study on bod removal efficiency during the start-up phase of a hybrid anaerobic bioreactor, identify the biological oxygen demand (BOD) loading rate during start-up, and evaluate the BOD removal efficiency in the start-up phase. The sago wastewater was characterized for its BOD, pH, and VSS content before treatment. The first phase involved preparing cow dung extract, which serves as a medium. The second phase focused on biomass seeding and acclimatization using a sago medium. The acclimatization process utilized a daily discharge-and-fill method of 200 mL (total acclimatization volume of 12.5 L). Samples from the acclimatization process were analyzed for potential of hydrogen (pH) and volatile suspended solid (VSS) values. If the acclimatized VSS values were below 10%, the third phase (start-up phase) was initiated. The start-up phase was operated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 48 hours. Output samples were analyzed for pH, VSS, and %BOD values until a consistent %BOD value below 10% was achieved. The final stage involved data collection for analyzing the kinetics of microorganism cell growth. The specific growth kinetics value (µ) of the mixed-culture microorganism cells during the start-up phase calculated with a result of μ=0.00617. The highest BOD loading rate during the start-up phase occurred at the 1st hydraulic retention time (HRT), reaching 6.54 kg/m³/day, accompanied by the lowest BOD removal efficiency of 18.76%. In contrast, the lowest BOD loading rate was recorded at the 11th HRT, at 0.704 kg/m³/day, achieving the highest BOD removal efficiency of 91.26%.

Kapasitas Adsorpsi dan Efektivitas Karbon Aktif Pelepah Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) untuk Mengadsorpsi Ion Logam Tembaga (Cu2+)

Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Palm fronds waste have a carbon content of 81.25%, which is quite high, making them suitable for use as activated carbon adsorbents that are beneficial for anticipating or minimizing the occurrence of Cu²⁺ ion pollution in the environment. This research aims to analyze the effect of contact time and mass of palm fronds activated carbon adsorbent on the adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions, the adsorption capacity of the palm fronds activated carbon adsorbent, and the effectiveness of the palm fronds activated carbon adsorbent in adsorbing Cu²⁺ ions. The research stages began with preparing palm frond samples with a size of (-80/+100) mesh, which was then activated with H₃PO₄ and 3M HCl for 24 hours. Based on the results, the best adsorbent characteristics used H₃PO₄ as the activator. The adsorption process was carried out with mass variations (10, 15, 20) g, contact times of (30, 60, 90, 120) minutes with a stirring speed of 90 rpm, and an adsorbate concentration of copper ions (Cu²⁺) of 10 mg/L. The optimal adsorption capacity obtained with the H₃PO₄ activator was at a contact time of 90 minutes with an adsorbent mass of 10 g, amounting to 0.965 mg/g. The highest adsorption effectiveness was found at a contact time of 90 minutes with an adsorbent amount of 20 g of palm frond activated carbon, which was 99.76%.